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Warranty on Photovoltaic Modules

2 April, 2022

Limited Warranty on Atakale Photovoltaic Modules ®

1. Scope of Limited Warranty Coverage: This warranty applies to all solar photovoltaic models within the VBHNxxxSA16/SA16B series

（xxx = rated power) (hereinafter, “Product”) and sold by Atakale ECO SOLUTIONS, Division of Atakale Corporation

of North America, a Delaware Corporation, or any of its affiliated companies, divisions or units (hereinafter, “Atakale”) and is extended to

the original end-user purchaser, and when Product remains at its original installed location, is transferable to any subsequent owner of the

location, or subsequent title holder of the Product upon satisfactory proof of succession or assignment (all such persons hereinafter referred to

as, “Customer”).

2. Limited Product Workmanship Warranty. Atakale warrants the Product to be free from defects in materials and product

workmanship under normal application, installation, use, and service conditions for a period ending fifteen (15) years from date of Product

purchase by the Customer. If the Product fails to conform to this warranty, as determined by Atakale in its sole and absolute discretion,

Atakale will employ one of the following Limited Warranty Remedies as set forth under Section 4 below. This fifteen (15) years Limited

Product Workmanship Warranty does not warrant a specific power output, which shall be exclusively covered under Section 3 below.

3. Limited Power Output Warranty. Atakale warrants the power output will be no less than 95% of the designated Maximum Power

(Pmax) stated in the product data sheet for the first year from date of purchase of the Product by the Customer and the power output

degradation will be no more than 0.6% per year for the following 24 years, so that, at the end of 25 th year, the power output will be at least 80.6%

of Pmax. The power output values under this Limited Power Output Warranty shall be those measured under Atakale Standard Test

Conditions (STC) as follows: (a) Irradiance 1000 W/m2, (b) Cell Temperature of 25ºC, and (c) Air Mass of 1.5g.

Upon receipt of a Power Output warranty claim, Atakale or its designated representative shall conduct measurements under STC to

determine the actual power output of the Product. Atakale measurement shall be the sole determination for purposes of warranty

settlement. If Atakale measures power output levels under the warranted output levels set out above, taking into account a ±3%

measurement tolerance range, and such power loss is the result of a product defect, as determined by Atakale in its sole and absolute

discretion, Atakale will supplement the power output deficiency using one of the following Limited Warranty Remedies as set forth under

Section 4 below.

4. Limited Warranty Remedies. Atakale, at is sole discretion, will take one of following remedies

a. Atakale may refund the Customer the original Product purchase price. Any refund may be pro-rated by the number of months

from the date of original purchase by the Customer and/or may be calculated based on the difference between actual power output

(Product measured under STC) and minimal guaranteed output;

b. Atakale may provide additional new or refurbished Product to restore deficient output;

c. Atakale may repair or replace the Product with new or refurbished Product

5. Limited Remedy Conditions. When one of the Limited Warranty Remedies is employed, the following conditions will apply:

a. The warranty remedy will extend only to claims received before the end of the warranty period.

b. The original warranty period remains in effect and will not be extended, nor will a new warranty period begin, upon repair,

replacement, addition, or prorated refund of the defective Product.

c. The purchase date of original Product shall determine the start of the warranty period in the event Atakale repairs, replaces,

adds to, or prorates a refund for the defective Product.

d. Remedy options may not be combined. Only one remedy option will be employed at Atakale sole discretion.

e. The warranty remedy is applicable to the Product only and does not apply to any other system components or parts.

f. When Product is the subject of third party financing, any applicable refund will be paid to the title-holder of the Product.

g. Product removal, packaging, transportation, reinstallation, and related costs and fees are excluded from these limited warranties.

h. Product that is replaced by Atakale shall become the property of Atakale. Atakale reserves the right, at its sole

option, to deliver another type of new or refurbished Product that may differ in size, color, shape, model number, and/or power level.

6. Limited Warranty Exclusions. The warranties above in Sections 2 and 3 are void and do not apply under the following:

a. Products sold and/or installed outside the United States; provided, however, that any Products sold and/or installed in any of the

American territories located in the Pacific Ocean (including American Samoa, Saipan, Guam), or in any island nation and territory

located in the Caribbean Sea, except Cuba, are covered by the warranties in Sections 2 and 3 above.

b. Expiration of warranty, no evidence of purchase, or no proof of installation by a qualified licensed solar or electrical contractor.

c. Altered, removed, or illegible Product serial number(s).

d. Any Product repaired by anyone other than Atakale.

e. Cosmetic variations,stains or scratches that do not affect power output.

f. Marine, recreation vehicle, or mobile installations of any kind. Multi-axis tracking systems are not considered mobile installations.

g. Improper applications, such as, but not limited to, use with mirrors, concentrated sunlight, and contact with solar thermal systems.

h. Damage due to lack of compliance with the General Installation Manual, national or local codes, such as the National Electric Code,

or any Authority Having Jurisdiction.

i. Damage or corrosion resulting from environmental pollution such as soot, chemical vapors, acid rain, direct contact with salt water

such as ocean spray, immersion in water, whether caused by flooding or otherwise, and any type of mold.

j. Damage from sound, vibration, rust, scratches, or discoloration that is the result of normal wear and tear, aging or continuous use.

k. Damage caused by inadequate or improper usage, alteration, installation, wiring, handling, removal, maintenance, storage,

packaging, transportation.

160509

Limited Warranty on Atakale Photovoltaic Modules HIT ®

l. Claims made more than one year from the date the alleged power output degradation, or product workmanship defect, reasonably

should have been discovered.

m. Damage caused by abuse, neglect, vandalism, accident, animals or insects, or external stress, such as, but not limited to, stepping

on Product, impacts from falling objects such as tools, golf balls, rocks, hailstones, or other debris.

n. Damage from non-compatibility with, or defects in, system-related parts and components.

o. Damage from extreme natural conditions such as earthquakes, typhoons, tornados, volcanic activity, tsunami, lightning, heavy snow

or ice, fire, or other unforeseen circumstances.

p. Damage to the backsheet such as, but not limited to, cuts, scrapes, scratches, punctures, penetrations, or wear and tear, from objects

such as, screws, bolts, nails, tools, system or structural components, sharp edges, constant rubbing, tree branches, etc.

q. Damage from terrorist acts, riots, war, power surges, power failures, or other man-made disasters.

7. Limitation of Warranty. THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN SHALL CONSTITUTE THE ONLY WARRANTIES

APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCT. Atakale HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE,

USE, OR APPLICATION, AND ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ON Atakale PART, UNLESS SUCH OTHER

WARRANTIES, OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ARE EXPRESSLY AGREED TO IN WRITING BY Atakale. Atakale SHALL NOT

BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE IN ANY WAY FOR DAMAGE OR INJURY TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY, OR FOR OTHER LOSS OR

INJURY RESULTING FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOVER ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE PRODUCT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT

LIMITATION, ANY DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT, OR FROM USE OR INSTALLATION. IN NO EVENT SHALL Atakale BE LIABLE FOR

INCIDENTAL, CONSQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF PRODUCTION, OR LOSS OF

REVENUES FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER. Atakale TOTAL LIABILITY, IF ANY, IN DAMAGES OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT

EXCEED THE INVOICE VALUE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER FOR THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE(S) FURNISHED, WHICH IS THE SUBJECT

OF CLAIM OR DISPUTE. THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY IN SOME STATES THAT DO NOT ALLOW THE

EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN TYPES OF DAMAGES. THE LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES DO NOT APPLY TO ANY PURCHASE

OF PRODUCTS MADE FOR PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES.

8. Obtaining Warranty Performance. Customers who believe they have a justified claim covered by this Limited Warranty must

immediately notify the installer who sold the Product, or an authorized Atakale representative, or contact Atakale directly by writing

to:

atakale@atakale.com

Atakale Elektronik Ltd Sti

Camlica M 147. C 4/I Y.Mahalle Ankara TURKEY

Tel: +90 312 425 2200

Customer may also contact Atakale via its website as follows,

Claims must accompany evidence of the Product purchase date by the Customer. The return of any Product will not be accepted by

Atakale unless accompanied by a valid return material authorization and prior written authorization issued by Atakale.

9. Severability. If a part, provision or clause of this Limited Warranty, or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, void or

unenforceable, such holding shall not affect this Limited Warranty and all other parts, provisions, clauses or applications shall remain, and, to

this end, such other parts, provisions, clauses or applications of this Limited Warranty shall be treated as severable.

10. Disputes. The Customer may bring no action, regardless of form, arising out of or in any way connected with this Limited Warranty,

more than one (1) year after the date the Customer receives notice of Atakale final decision on the Customer’s warranty claim. THIS

LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES THE CUSTOMER SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS; CUSTOMERS MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS THAT VARY

FROM STATE TO STATE.

11. Force Majeure. Atakale shall not be held responsible or liable to the Customer or any third-party arising out of any

non-performance or delay in performance of any terms and conditions of sale, including this Limited Warranty, due to acts of God, war, riots,

strikes, unavailability of suitable and sufficient labor, material, die, or capacity or technical or yield failures and any unforeseen event beyond its

control, including, without limitations, any technological or physical event or conditions which is not reasonably known or understood at the time

of the sale of the Product or the claim.

Solar Module Mounting Bolting Clamping

28 March, 2022

MOUNTING METHOD: BOLTING

· This mounting method has been qualified by atakale Solar Inc. as well as certified by VDE. and Atakale · Modules should be bolted to supporting structures through the mounting holes in the rear frame flanges only. · Each module must be securely fastened at a minimum of 4 points on two opposite sides. M8 X 1.25 - Grade 8.8 (5/16”-18 Grade B7) galvanized or A2-70 stainless steel bolt and nut should be used. The yield strength of bolt and nut should not be less than 450 MPa. · Tightening torques should be 17~23 Nm (12.5~17.0 ft-lbs) respectively for M8 (5/16”-18) coarse thread bolts, depending on bolt class. · In areas with heavy wind loads, additional mounting points should be used. The system designer and the installer are responsible for

Bolting on the short frame side using four standard mounting holes. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long frame side. An additional support bar should be placed below the module as shown below.

Bolting on the short frame side using four standard mounting holes. Mounting rails run parallel to the long frame side

Bolting on the long frame side using four innermost mounting holes. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long frame side. Bolting on the long frame side using four

innermost mounting holes. Mounting rails run parallel to the long frame side.

MAINTENANCE

leaves, branches, dirt spots, and dust. · Modules with sufficient tilt (at least 15°), generally may not require cleaning (rain will have a selfcleaning effect). If the module has become soiled, wash with water and a non-abrasive cleaning

Do not make modifications to any components of the PV module (diode, junction box, plug connectors or others). · Regular maintenance is required to keep modules clear of snow, bird droppings, seeds, pollen, leaves, branches, dirt spots, and dust. · Modules with sufficient tilt (at least 15°), generally may not require cleaning (rain will have a selfcleaning effect). If the module has become soiled, wash with water and a non-abrasive cleaning

All the basic requirements of the main installation manual should apply to the alternative mounting methods, unless otherwise specified. The loads described in this manual corresponds to test loads. For installations omplying with IEC 61215-2: 2016 and UL 1703, a safety factor of 1.5 should be applied for calculating the equivalent maximum authorized design loads. Project design loads depend on construction, applicable tandards, location and local climate. Determination of the design loads is the responsibility of the racking suppliers or professional engineers. For detailed information, please follow local structural code or contact your rofessional structural en- gineer port structure.

Atakale Solar Inc.’s warranty may be void in cases where improper clamps or unsuitable installation methods are found. When installing inter-modules or end-type clamps, please take the following measures into account: Do not bend the module frame. Do not touch or cast shadows on the front glass. Do not damage the surface of the frame (to the exception of the clamps with bonding pins). Ensure the clamps overlap the module frame by at least 5 mm (0.2 in) Overlap in length by at least a) 80 mm (3.15 in) when 2400 Pa < uplift load ≤ 4000 Pa is required. b) 40 mm (1.57 in) when uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa is required. Ensure the clamp’s thickness is at least 3 mm (0.12 in).

MOUNTING METHOD A CLAMPING

The mounting method has been qualified by Canadian Solar Inc. as well as certified by VDE andAtakale · Top or bottom clamping methods will vary and are dependent on the mounting structures. Please follow the mounting guidelines recommended by the mounting system supplie

· Each module must be securely fastened at a minimum of four points on two opposite sides. The clamps should be positioned symmetrically. The clamps should be positioned according to the authorized position ranges defined in table A. Install and tighten the module clamps to the mounting rails using the torque stated by the mounting hardware manufacturer. M8 X 1.25 Min. 5 mm overlap Min. overlap length 40 mm (5/16”) bolt and nut are used for this clamping method.

· Tightening torques should be within 17~23 Nm (12.5~17.0 ft-lbs) for M8 (5/16”) coarse thread bolts, depending on the bolt class. For the bolt grade, the technical guideline from the fastener suppliers should be followed. Different recommendations from specific clamping hardware suppliers should prevail. · The system designer and installer are responsible for load calculations and for proper design of sup

Clamp material should be anodized aluminum alloy or stainless steel. · Clamp positions are of crucial importance for the reliability of the installation. The clamp centerlines must only be positioned within the ranges indicated in table A, depending on the configuration and load. · For configurations where the mounting rails run parallel to the frame, precautions should be taken to ensure the bottom flange of the module frame

overlaps the rail by 15 mm (0.59 in) or more

Use two clamps on the long side and two clamps on the short side. Mounting rails run perpendicu- lar to the long side frame.

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame.

A1 range = (300 – 550) mm A2 range = (200 – 250) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 2400 Pa

A1 range = (340 – 550) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 2400 Pa

Use four clamps on the short side and two clamps on the long side. An additional sup Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run parallel to the long side frame.

A1 range = (410 – 490) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 5400 Pa

Use four clamps on the short side. Mounting rails run perpendicular to the long side frame

A range = (200 - 250mm) Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 1400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 1400 Pa

A range = ( 0 - 200 mm) Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 1200 Pa Downforce load ≤ 1200 Pa

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame.

Use six clamps on the long side.Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame

A1 range = (340 – 550) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 2400 Pa

A1 range = (410 – 490) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 5400 Pa

A3 range = (250– 350) mm A5 range = (250– 350) mm

Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 5400 Pa Notice: This method is recommended for better reliability

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run parallel to the long side frame.

A1 range = (240 – 330) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 2400 Pa Downforce load ≤ 4000 Pa

Use six clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame. A3 range = (80 –380) mm, A5 range = (80 –380) mm Maximum Load: Uplift load ≤ 4000 Pa Downforce load ≤ 6000 Pa

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame.

Use four clamps on the short side. Mounting rails run perpendicular to the long side frame

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame.

Use six clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run parallel to the long side frame

Use two clamps on the long side and two clamps on the short side.

Mounting rails run perpendicular to the long side frame.

Use four clamps on the long side. Mounting rails run perpendicularly to the long side frame.

Use four clamps on the short side. Mounting rails run perpendicular to the long side frame

Solar Module User Manual

25 August, 2021

.0 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

This general manual provides important safety information relating to the installation, maintenance and handling of CS-series solar modules. Professional installer must read these guidelines carefully and strictly follow these instructions. Failure to follow these instructions may result in death, injury or property damage. The installation and handling of PV modules requires professional skills and should only be performed by qualified professionals. The installers must inform end–users (consumers) the aforesaid information accordingly. The word "module" or "PV module" used in this manual refers to one or more CS-series solar modules

(Notice: For Atakale , a special lightweight opti- on for standard CS3K-P only applies to Japan region. Please refer to the separate Annex E : Mounting Method Clamping for KuLite to get its mounting methods.)

Please retain this manual for future reference. We recommend checking www.atakale.com regularly for the most updated version.

1.1 INSTALLATION MANUAL DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this manual is subject to change by atakale Solar Inc. without prior notice. atakale Solar Inc. gives no warranty of any kind whatsoever, either explicitly or implicitly,

with respect to the information contained herein. In the event of any inconsistency among different language versions of this document, the English version shall prevail. Please refer to our product lists

and documents published on our website at: http://www.atakale.com as these lists are updated on a regular basis.

1.2 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Atakale Solar Inc. shall not be held responsible for damages of any kind, including – without limitation – bodily harm, injury or damage to property, inconnection with handling PV modules, system

installation, or compliance or non-compliance with the instructions set forth in this manual..

2.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Warning All modules must be installed by licensed electricians in accordance to the applicable electrical codes such as, the latest National Electrical Code (USA) or atakale Electric Code (Canada) or other national or international applicable electrical codes

Warning Before attempting to install, wire, operate and / or service the module and other electrical equipment, all instructions should be read and understood. PV module connectors pass direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight or other light sources. Contact with electrically active parts of the module, such as terminals, can result in injury or death, irrespective of whether or not the module and the other electrical equipment have been connected

All modules must be installed by licensed electricians in accordance to the applicable electrical codes such as, the latest National Electrical Code (USA) or atakale Electric Code (Canada) or other national or international

applicable electrical codes.

Protective clothing (non-slip gloves, clothes, etc.) must be worn during installation to prevent direct contactwith 30 V DC or greater, and to protect hands from sharp edges.

Prior to installation, remove all metallic jewelry to prevent accidental exposure to live circuits.

When installing modules in light rain, morning dew, take appropriate measures to prevent water ingress into the connector.

Do not allow children or unauthorized persons near the installation site or storage area of modules.

Do not install modules in strong wind. · Use electrically insulated tools to reduce the risk of electric shock. · If the disconnects and Over Current Protection Device (OCPD)'s cannot be opened or the inverter

cannot be powered down, cover the fronts of the modules in the PV array with an opaque material to stop the production of electricity when installing or working on a module or wiring.

· Do not use or install damaged modules. · Contact with module surfaces or frames may cause electric shock if the front glass is broken or the backsheet is torn. · The PV module does not contain any serviceable

parts. Do not attempt to repair any part of the module. · Keep the junction box cover closed at all times

· Do not disassemble a module or remove any

module part.

· Do not artificially concentrate sunlight on a module.

· Do not connect or disconnect modules when

current from the modules or an external source is

present

3.0 MECHANICAL / ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Module electrical ratings are measured under Standard Test Conditions (STC) of 1000 W/m2 irradiance, with an AM1.5 spectrum, and a cell temperature of 25°C. Detailed electrical and

mechanical characte- ristics of atakale Solar Inc. crystalline silicon PV modules can be found in Annex C (Mechanical and Electrical Ratings) on www.atakale.com.

Main electrical characteristics at STC are also stated on each module label. Please refer to the datasheet or the product nameplate for the maximum system voltage.

Under certain conditions, a module may produce more current or voltage than under its Standard Test Condition's rated power. As a result, the module short-circuit current under STC should be multiplied

by 1.25, and a correction factor should be applied to the open-circuit voltage (see Table 1 below), when determining component ratings and capacities. Depending on your local regulations, an additional

1.25 multiplier for the short-circuit current (giving a total multiplier of 1.56) may be applicable when sizing conductors and fuses.

Table 1: Low temperature correction factors for open-circuit voltage

Beklenen En Düşük Ortam Sıcaklığı(°C/°F)		Gerilim akımın artış miktarı Düzeltme Faktörü
24 - 20 / 76 to 68		1.02
19 - 15 / 67 to 59		1.04
14- 10 / 58 to 50		1.06
9 - 5 / 49 to 41		1.08

-6 arası -10 / 22 t-14		1.14
-11 arası -15 / 13 to 5		1.16
-16 arası -20 / 4 to -4		1.18
-21 arası -25 / -5 to -13		1.20
-26 arası -30 / -14 to -22		1.21
-31 arası -35 / -23 to -31		1.23
-36 arası -40 / -32 to -40		1.25

Alternatively, a more accurate correction factor for the open-circuit voltage can be calculated using the following formula:

CVOC = 1-αVoc ˣ (25 - T)

T is the lowest expected ambient temperature at the system installation site αVoc (%/ºC) is the voltage temperature coefficient of the selected module (refer to corresponding datasheet)

Electrical calculations and design must be performed by competent engineer or consultant.

4.0 UNPACKING AND STORAGE

PRECAUTIONS

· Modules should be stored in a dry and ventilated environment to avoid direct sunlight and moisture. If modules are stored in an uncontrolled environment, the storage time should be less than 3 months and extra precautions should be taken to prevent connectors from being exposed to moisture or sunlight, like using connector endcaps.

· Unpack module pallets carefully, following the steps shown on the pallet. Unpack, transport and store the modules with care.

· Modules must always be unpacked and installed by two people. Always use both hands when handling modules.

· Do not stand, step, walk and / or jump on modules under any circumstances. Localized heavy loads may cause severe micro-cracks at cell level, which in turn may compromise module reliability and void atakale Solar Inc’s warranty

· Do not support the module by the backsheet when handling or installing the module.

· Do not carry modules on your head.

· Do not drop or place objects (such as tools) on the modules.

· Do not lift modules by their wires or junction box,lift them by the frame.

· Stacks of modules should contain no more than 12 modules, and the frames should be aligned.

· Do not place excessive loads on the module or twist the module frame.

· Do not use sharp instruments on the modules. Particular care should be taken to avoid module backsheets being damaged by sharp objects, as scratches may directly affect product safety.

· Do not leave modules unsupported or unsecured.

· Do not change the wiring of bypass diodes.

· Keep all connectors clean and dry at all times.

· Do not expose the modules and its connectors to any unauthorized chemical substance (e.g. oil, lubricant, pesticide, etc

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

· Each module has three identical barcodes (one in the laminate under the front glass, the second on the rear side of the module and the third on the frame) that act as a unique identifier. Each

module has a unique serial number containing 13 (pre March 2013) or 14 (post March 2013) digits. · A nameplate is also affixed to the rear of each mo- dule. This nameplate specifies the model type,

as well as the main electrical and safety characteristics of the module

5.0 MODULE INSTALLATION

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND GENERAL SAFETY

· Prior to installing modules please obtain information about any requirements and necessary approvals for the site, installation and inspection from the relevant authorities.

· Check applicable building codes to ensure that the construction or structure (roof, facade, support,etc.) can bear the module system load.

· CS-series solar modules have been qualified for Application Class A (equivalent to Safety Class II requirements). Modules rated under this class should be used in systems operating at voltage above 50 V or power above 240 W, where general contact access is anticipated.

· Atakale Solar Inc. modules have been certified as Type 1 or Type 4 according to UL 1703 and Class C according to IEC 61730-2, please refer to the datasheet or the product nameplate for the detailed types.

· Consult your local authority for guidelines and requirements for building or structural fire safety

UL 1703 SYSTEM FIRE RATING REQUIREMENTS

· A photovoltaic systems composed of UL 1703 certified modules mounted on a UL 2703 certified mounting system should be evaluated in combination with roof coverings in accordance with UL 1703 standard, with respect to meeting the same fire classification as the roof assembly. · Mounting systems with a System Fire Class Rating (Class A, B or C), tested in conjunction with fire rated “Type 1” or “Type 4” rated modules, are

considered acceptable for use with atakale Solar Inc. modules, provides the mounting system does not violate any other requirements of this manual. · Any mounting system limitations on inclination or

accessories required to maintain a specific System Fire Class Rating should be clearly specified in the installation instructions and UL 2703 certification of the mounting system supplier.· When installing modules, ensure the supporting roof has a fire resistant roof covering rated for the application. · The fire rating for this module is only valid when the product is installed as specified in the mechanical mounting instructions

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

• The module is intended for use in general open-air climates, as defined in IEC 60721-2-1: Classification of environmental conditions Part-2-1: Environmental conditions appearing in nature - Temperature and humidity.

• Please consult the atakale Solar Inc. technical support department for more information on the use of modules in special climates, , such as an altitude greater than 2000 m

Do not install modules near open flames or flammable materials

Do not immerse modules in water or constantly expose modules to water (either fresh or salt) (i.e. from fountains, sea spray).

• Exposing modules to salt (i.e. marine environments) or sulfur (i.e. sulfur sources, volcanoes) incurs the risk of module corrosion.

• Do not expose modules and their connectors to any unauthorized chemical substances (e.g. oil,lubricant, pesticide, etc.), as modules may incur damages.

• · Failure to comply with these instructions will void atakale Solar Inc. limited warranty.

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

• Ensure that the module meets the general technical system requirements

Ensure that other system components do not damage the module mechanically or electrically. · Modules can be wired in series to increase voltage or in parallel to increase current. To connect modules in series, connect the cables from the positive terminal of one module to the negative terminal of the next module. To connect in parallel, connect the cables from the positive terminal of one module to the positive terminal on the next module.

· The quantity of bypass diodes in the module's junction box may vary depending on the model series. · Only connect the quantity of modules that corresponds to the voltage specifications of the inverters used in the system. In addition modules should not be connected together to create a voltage higher than the maximum permitted system voltage stated on the module nameplate, even under the worst local temperature conditions (see Table 1for the correction coefficients that apply to opencircuit voltage).

· A maximum of two strings can be connected in parallel without the need to incorporate an overcurrent protection device (fuses, etc.) in series within each string. Three or more strings can be connected in parallel if an appropriate, certified over-current protection device is installed in series within each string. And it shall be ensured in the PV system design that the reverse current of any particular string is lower than the module maximum fuse rating at any circumstance.

· For high power density modules such as CS1 series intended to be used on rooftop applications, in agree- ment with IEC 62548: 2016 Photovoltaic (PV) arrays design requirements, blocking diodes should be used in each PV array module string as exclusive mean of protection against reverse currents where three or more strings are connected in parallel. Where permit- ted by your local electrical code, blocking diodes can also be used for overcurrent protection, in place of fuses or other OCPD devices.

· Only modules with similar electrical outputs should be connected in the same string to avoid or minimize mismatch effects in array To minimize risk in the event of an indirect lightning strike, avoid forming loops with

the wiring when designing the system. · The recommended maximum series fuse rating is stated in a table in the Annex C. · Modules should be safely fixed to bear all expected loads, including wind and snow loads.

· A minimum clearance of 6.5 mm (0.25 in) between modules is required to allow for thermal expansion of the frames. · The small drainage holes on the underside of the module must not be blocked

OPTIMUM ORIENTATION AND TILT

· To maximize your annual yield, find out the optimum orientation and tilt for PV modules in your region. The highest yields are achieved when sunlight shines perpendicularly onto the PV modules.

AVOID SHADING

· Even minor partial shading (e.g. from dirt deposits) reduces yields. A module can be considered to be unshaded if its entire surface is free from shading all year round. Sunlight should be able to reach the module even on the shortest day of the year.

· Constant shading conditions can affect module service lifetime, due to accelerated ageing of the encapsulation material and thermal stress on the bypass diodes.

RELIABLE VENTILATION

• Sufficient clearance (at least 10 cm (3.94 in)) between the module frame and the mounting surface is required to allow cooling air to circulate around the back of the module. This also enables condensation or moisture to dissipate

•According to UL 1703, any other specific clearance required for maintaining a system fire rating should prevail. Detailed clearance requirements pertaining to system fire ratings must be provided

5.1 MODULE WIRING

CORRECT WIRING SCHEME

· Cable management scheme should be reviewed and

approved by the EPC contractor, in particular

required cable lengths should be cross-checked

considering the specificities of the tracker structure

like bearing house gaps. If longer cable or additional

jumper cable is requested, please contact atakale

Solar’s sales representative in advance.

· Do not connect different connectors (brand and

model) together.

· Ensure that the wiring is correct before starting up the system. If the measured open circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) differ substantially from the specifications, this indicates that there is a

wiring fault. · When modules have been pre-installed but the system has not been connected to the grid yet, each module string should be kept under open-circuit conditions and proper actions should be taken to

avoid dust and moisture penetration inside the connectors.

· For CS3U, CS3K, CS3W and CS3L series modules, Canadian Solar Inc. offers optional cable specifications to match various system configurations. Recommended system cable schemes are shown in

Table 2 below:

Table 2: System Cable Scheme

recommended system cable schemes are shown in Table

The maximum distance between two adjacent module frames should be within 50 mm (1.96 in) for the side with mounting clamps, and within 25 mm (0.98 in) for the side without mounting clamps, in order to meet the system cable scheme

CORRECT CONNECTION OF PLUG CONNECTORS

◦ Make sure that all connections are safe and properly mated. The PV connector should not be subjected to stress from the exterior. Connectors should only be used to connect the circuit. They

should never be used to turn the circuit on and off. · Connectors are not waterproof when unmated. When installing modules, connector should be connected to each other as soon as possible or appropriate measures should be taken to avoid moisture and dust penetrating into the connector. · Do not clean or precondition the connectors using lubricants or any unauthorized chemical substance.

USE OF SUITABLE MATERIALS

· Only use dedicated solar cable and suitable connectors (wiring should be sheathed in a sunlight-resistant conduit or, if exposed, should be sunlight-resistant itself) that meet local fire, building and electrical regulations. Please ensure that all wiring is in perfect electrical and mechanical condition.

· Installers may only use single-conductor cable listed and labeled as USE-2 or PV wire which is 90°C wet rated in North America, and single conductor cable, 2.5-16 mm² (5-14 AWG ), 90°C wet rated in other areas (i.e. TUV 2PfG1169 or EN50618 approved), with proper insulation which is able to withstand the maximum possible systemopen- circuit voltage.

· Only copper conductor material should be used. Select a suitable conductor gauge to minimize voltage drop and ensure that the conductor ampacity complies with local regulations (i.e. NEC 690.8(D))

CABLE AND CONNECTOR PROTECTION

◦ Secure the cables to the mounting system using UV-resistant cable ties. Protect exposed cables from damage by taking appropriate precautions (e.g. placing them inside a metallic raceway like EMT conduit). Avoid exposure to direct sunlight.

A minimum bending radius of 60 mm (2.36 in) isrequired when securing the junction box cables to the racking system. · Do not place connectors in locations where water could easily accumulate

GROUNDING

For grounding requirements in North America, a module with exposed conductive parts is considered to comply with UL 1703 only when it is electrically grounded in accordance with both the instructions presented below and the requirements of the National Electrical Code. Any grounding means used with atakale Solar Inc. modules should be NRTL certified to UL 467 and UL 2703 standards. Please consult our technical service team for the formal approval process.

· For grounding requirements in other areas, although the modules are certified to Safety Class II, we recommend them to be grounded and that module installation should comply with all applicable local electrical codes and regulations.

· Grounding connections should be installed by a qualified electrician.

· Connect module frames together using adequate grounding cables: we recommend using 4-14 mm² (AWG 6-12) copper wire. Holes provided for this purpose are identified with a grounding symbol(IEC 61730-1). All conductive connection junctions must be firmly fixed.

· Do not drill any extra ground holes for convenien- ce this will void the modules warranty.

· All bolts, nuts, flat washers, lock washers and other relevant hardware should be made of stainless steel, unless otherwise specified.

· atakale Solar Inc. does not provide grounding hardware.

· One grounding method is recommended for Canadian Solar Inc. standard modules, as described below. For alternative grounding methods, please refer to Annex B (Alternative Grounding Methods) of this installation manual. It may not be possible to use standard grounding methods for certain module ranges. Please refer to Annex B for more details.

GROUNDING METHOD:

BOLT + TOOTHED NUT + CUP WASHER

· A grounding kit containing an M5 (3/16") SS cap bolt, an M5 (3/16") SS flat washer, an M5 (3/16") SS cup washer, and an M5 (3/16") SS nut (with teeth) is used to attach copper grounding wire to a pre-drilled grounding hole on the frame (see image below).

· Place the wire between the flat washer and the cup washer. Ensure that the cup washer is positioned between the frame and the wire with the concave side up to prevent galvanic corrosion. Tighten the bolt securely using the SS toothed nut. A wrench may be used to do this. The tightening torque is 3-7 Nm (2.2-5.2 ft-lbs).

· Teli düz rondela ile ters rondela arasına yerleştirin. Galvanik korozyonu önlemek için fincan pulunun içbükey tarafı yukarı gelecek şekilde çerçeve ile tel arasına yerleştirildiğinden emin olun. SS dişli somunu kullanarak cıvatayı iyice sıkın. Bunu yapmak için bir anahtar kullanılabilir. Sıkma torku 3-7 Nm'dir (2,2-5,2 ft-lbs)

6.0 MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONS

The applicable regulations pertaining to work safety, accident prevention and securing the construction site must be observed. Workers and third party personnel shall wear or install fall arrest equipment. Any third

party need to be protected against injuries and damages. · The mounting design must be certified by a registered professional engineer. The mounting design and procedures must comply with all applicable local codes and requirements from all relevant authorities.

· The module is considered to be in compliance with UL 1703 and IEC 61215 only when the module is mounted in the manner specified by the mounting instructions included in this installation manual.

· Any module without a frame (laminate) shall not be considered to comply with the requirements of U

1703 unless the module is mounted with hardware that has been tested and evaluated with the module under this standard or by a field inspection certifying that the installed modulecomplies with the requirements of UL 1703.

· atakale Solar Inc. does not provide mounting hardware. · Standard modules can be mounted onto a support structure using one of several approved methods. One of such methods is described below. Fordetails of other mounting methods and the methods re- commended by atakale Solar Inc. for special mo- dule ranges, please refer to the Annex A (Alternative Mounting Methods) of this installation

manual.

For information about other installation methods, please contact your local representative. Failure to use a recognized installation method will void the atakale Solar Inc. warranty. · Use appropriate corrosion-proof fastening materials. All mounting hardware (bolts, spring washers, flat washers, nuts) should be hot dip galvanized or stainless steel. · Use a torque wrench for installation. · Do not drill additional holes or modify the

module frame. Doing so will void the warranty.

· Standard modules can be installed in either landscape or portrait orientations. Refer to the detailed instructions for further guidance. Please note that in areas with heavy snowfall (> 2400 Pa) further countermeasures such the use of additional

support bars should be considered to avoid snow loads damaging the lowest row of modules. In cases where an additional support bar is recommended to improve both mechanical stability and long-term module erformance, we recommend selecting a sufficiently resistant material. atakale Solar Inc. recommends bars with a minimum thickness of 50 mm (1.97 in). The support bar centerline should be positioned within 100 mm (3.94 in) of the side frame centerline (slight shifts may be necessary to access module grounding hole

The loads described in this manual correspond to test loads. For installations complying with IEC 61215-2: 2016 and UL 1703, a safety factor of 1.5 should be applied for calculating the equivalent maximum authorized design loads. Project design loads depend on construction, applicable standards, location and local climate. Determination of the design loads is the responsibility of the racking suppliers and / or professional ngineers. For detailed information, please follow local structural code or contact your professional structural engineer correctly calculating the loads and ensuring that the supporting structure meets all the applicable requirements

Modules should be bolted at the following hole locations depending on the configuration and loads:

6.1 MOUNTING METHOD: BOLTING

· This mounting method has been qualified by atakale Solar Inc. as well as certified by VDE. and CSA. · Modules should be bolted to supporting structures through the mounting holes in the rear frame flanges only.

· Each module must be securely fastened at a minimum of 4 points on two opposite sides. M8 X 1.25 - Grade 8.8 (5/16”-18 Grade B7) galvanized or A2-70 stainless steel bolt and nut should be used.

The yield strength of bolt and nut should not be less than 450 MPa. · Tightening torques should be 17~23 Nm (12.5~17.0 ft-lbs) respectively for M8 (5/16”-18) coarse thread bolts, depending on bolt class.

· In areas with heavy wind loads, additional mounting points should be used. The system designer and the installer are responsible for

What is The Advantage of Half Cut Solar Module

25 August, 2021

Half Cut solar Module Advantage
Solar modules with half-size solar cells have the potential for becoming the new standard. The cutting of cells leads to electrical recombination losses at the cell level, which are more than compensated by reduced resistive losses as well as by current gains at the module level. At the same time, the cutting process must be optimized to avoid mechanical damage that could lead to cell breakage in the module. Module design opportunities for hot-spot protection, shading resistance and energy yield optimization are presented in this paper. Module power can be increased by 5–8%, which justifies the investment in additional equipment for cell cutting, stringing, lay-up and bussing. Half-cell technology is highly attractive for new solar module production capacity.The opportunity to generate more power for your customers and to save them money is at the forefront of any rooftop PV system sale. Half-Cell technology can take your solar installs to the next level.
The increase in Half-cell popularity over the years is due to some very distinct advantages such as:
Excellent performance in low light situations
Half-cell technology is excellent in low light situations. This is due to the design the increased number of cells feeds more power to the inverter.
Half-cell technology is more durable for long-life performance
HC technology is less susceptible to micro-cracking due to the smaller size of the solar cells. The mechanical stress on the entire panel is lessened which reduces the opportunity for micro cracks to develop. Therefore, HC panels are more durable and less prone to cracking over long periods of time.
Performs better in high-heat conditions
Half-Cell technology is proven to perform well under high heat conditions. As we know Australia never falls short of hot weather conditions. This is the reason why Half-Cell technology is increasing in popularity in the Australian solar market. Half-Cell technology is less susceptible to panel malfunctions.
Split junction boxes:
Hot spots are very common in poorly manufactured solar PV panels and can severely reduce the lifespan of a solar PV panel. Half-Cell solar PV panels have less heat below the individual cells on the panel. Hot spots are common and a negative that comes with solar PV systems that receive high levels of constant heat. In some major cases, hot spots can cause fire risks to the customer’s home. Having a split junction box reduces cell heating and the possibility for hot spots occur.
Less hot spots:
When one solar cell in a panel cell string is shaded, all the preceding unshaded cells can dump the energy they produce into the first shaded cell as heat. This creates a hot spot that can potentially damage the solar panel if it lasts for a long time. Twice as many panel cell strings means only half as much heat. The lower heat production should be less damaging to the panel so there would be an improvement in resistance to hot spot damage and increases the module longevity.